Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (inpress)

View Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (inpress)

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JFI Online Volume 18 Nomor 1, Januari 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35617/jfionline.v18i1
Published: 30-01-2026

Articles

  • Description of Antipsychotic Use Patterns in Schizophrenia Patients in the Inpatient Ward of the West Java Provincial Mental Hospital

    Entris Sutrisno, Yani Mulyani, Jajang Japar Sodik
    1-9
    Abstract: 46 | PDF 1-9 (Bahasa Indonesia): 28

    Abstract

    Indonesia experiences an alarming increase in mental disorder cases annually. In 2019, the World Health Organization reported that over 20 million individuals worldwide suffer from schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications are the preferred treatment option for schizophrenia, as they help alleviate psychotic symptoms and reduce the likelihood of developing the disorder. This study aimed to describe the use of antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia in the inpatient ward of the Mental Hospital of West Java Province. The study employed a non-experimental, descriptive design with retrospective data collection. Secondary data were used for analysis. The research focused on 194 medical records of patients who received antipsychotic treatment between January and December 2020. The study revealed that 56.19% of prescribed antipsychotic drugs were combination medications, while 43.81% were single drugs. The most common combination of antipsychotic drugs was haloperidol-clozapine, accounting for 36.60% of the prescriptions, and risperidone, a single drug, comprised 19.67% of the prescriptions.

  • Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Profile of Methanol Extract of Bauhinia purpurea L. Leaves from Pekanbaru

    Haiyul Fadhli, Hefriza Putri
    10-18
    Abstract: 31 | PDF 10-18 (Bahasa Indonesia): 23

    Abstract

    Antioxidants are important bioactive compounds that play a key role in neutralizing free radicals and preventing oxidative damage to cells. Bauhinia purpurea L., locally known as butterfly tree leaves, has been reported to contain various phenolic and flavonoid compounds with promising antioxidant potential. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Bauhinia purpurea L. leaves collected from Pekanbaru. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 50.79 ± 1.82 mg GAE/g and 59.10 ± 13.03 mg QE/g extract, respectively. Antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH method showed an IC₅₀ value of 67.58 µg/mL, indicating moderate antioxidant potential. These results suggest that Bauhinia purpurea leaves from Pekanbaru have potential as a natural antioxidant source for herbal and pharmaceutical product development. Geographic factors and extraction methods play a significant role in determining the bioactive content and antioxidant activity of the extract.

  • 11

    Antioxidant Activity of Green and Purple Kale Leaves (Brassica oleracea L.) Ethanol Extract

    Umiyuliatul Nurfarida, Martina Kurnia Rohmah, Yani Ambari
    19-29
    Abstract: 18 | PDF 19-29: 5

    Abstract

    Kale (Brassica oleracea L.) is a plant from the Brassicaceae family that is often consumed by the public. Kale leaves contain vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and pigments that have the potential as antioxidants. Kale leaves that are often consumed by the public are green kale and purple kale. This study aims to determine the comparison of antioxidants between green kale and purple kale using the DPPH method. Green and purple kale leaf Simplicial powder was macerated using 96% ethanol solvent. The extraction results were then tested qualitatively for their phytochemical content using phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activity was tested qualitatively and quantitatively (DPPH method). The results showed that the antioxidant activity (IC50) of Vitamin C, purple kale, and green kale leaves extract successively are 3.19 µg/ml (very strong), 100.03 µg/ml (strong), and 144,35 µg/ml (moderate). The antioxidant activity of purple kale leaves is stronger than green kale. leaves.

  • 6

    Antioxidant Activity of Hydrophilic Cream of Methanol Extract of White Champaca Flowers (Magnolia alba)

    Ni Nyoman Yudianti Mendra, Dewa Ayu Yunika Pratiwi, Debby Juliadi
    30-35
    Abstract: 17 | PDF 30-35: 6

    Abstract

    The white champaca flower (Magnolia alba) holds cultural significance for the Balinese society, being employed in religious ceremonies, adorning bridal setting, and enriching the aroma of incense. Moreover, white champaca flowers contain alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenols that have antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is interesting to determine the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of white champaca flowers and formulated it into an oil in water cream in this study. The extract was formulated into three cream formulas, FI, FII, and FIII with concentrations of 4, 8, and 12%, respectively.  Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) assay with UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 516 nm. The antioxidant activity based on IC50 values for FI, FII, and FIII were 29.72, 25.50, and 25.05 µg/ml, respectively, with IC50 value of vitamin C was 2.93 µg/ml as a standard comparison. The research findings indicate that the methanol extract of white champaca flower o/w cream exhibit a very strong antioxidant activity in vitro. Further research is imperative to investigate the ability of the formulations to delaying the photoaging mechanism through in vivo studies.

  • Covid-19 Patients’ Satisfaction with Pharmacists’ Drug Telemedicine Counseling Services: A Cross-Sectional Study

    Fonny Cokro, Yenni, Hadiyanto Usman
    36-45
    Abstract: 24 | PDF 36-45: 12

    Abstract

    Telemedicine has been used extensively since the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the non-face-to-face interactions make telemedicine services more challenging. This study was conducted to determine the satisfaction of drug counseling services provided by pharmacists through telemedicine in Jakarta, Indonesia, and to assess the correlation between the type of telemedicine and the provision of pharmacists’ drug counseling. This investigation is cross-sectional, and data were collected from February to May 2022 through Cluster and Snowball sampling methods. Chi-Square was used to measure the relationship between telemedicine models and the provision of drug counseling. Of the 448 respondents, 85.71% received counseling, giving the pharmacist's counseling performance a good value of 64.06-98.18%. More than 80% of respondents were satisfied in all aspects of satisfaction. The bivariate analysis shows a significant relationship between the type of telemedicine and drug counseling services (p=0.032). This research highlights the importance of optimizing telemedicine approaches to enhance patient care in pharmaceutical services.

  • Cost of Illness Analysis of Covid-19 Patients at Dr. Soeharto Heerdjan Mental Hospital, West Jakarta

    Sherly Tandi Arrang, Irene Fira Rosa, Dion Notario
    46-53
    Abstract: 29 | PDF 46-53 (Bahasa Indonesia): 17

    Abstract

    COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is a new case that was reported to have occurred in 2019 in China (Wuhan) and the first case in Indonesia in March 2020. The high increase in cases requiring treatment related to patient care causes an economic burden. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the economic burden. The analysis uses the Cost of Illness (COI) method. This retrospective research was conducted based on data at RSJ Dr. Suharto Heerdjan for the period December 2020 - July 2021 by calculating the direct medical costs of patients. The analytical method used is Multiple Linear Regression ANOVA using the RStudio application. The number of respondents was 138 patients. In the results of the analysis, it was found that the average total direct medical costs of COVID-19 inpatients based on age was Rp. 6,580,657 (0-5 years), Rp. 8,317,592 (6-18 years), Rp. 8,595,254 (19-30 years old), Rp. 11,787,268 (31-45 years), Rp. 12,537,695 (46-59 years old), and Rp. 16,250,460 (>60 years). Based on gender Rp. 12,416,202 (women) and Rp. 11,285,017 (male). Based on the length of stay, Rp. 7,881,911 (<7 days), Rp. 12,721,150 (7-14 days), and Rp. 26,282,724 (>14 days). Based on the level of severity, Rp. 10,096,730 (mild), Rp. 10,633,881 (medium), and Rp. 16,597,570 (severe). Based on comorbid disease, Rp. 16,981,774 (without comorbid), Rp. 19,670,640 (1 comorbid), Rp. 22,990,759 (2 comorbid), and Rp. 30,231,603 (>2 comorbid). There was a significant effect between length of stay, severity, and comorbid disease on direct medical costs (P<0.05), while there was no significant effect between age and gender on direct medical costs for inpatient care (P>0.05).

  • Comparative Sociodemographic Analysis of Antihypertensive Adherence in Hypertensive Patients at Puri Husada Tembilahan Regional Hospital

    Husnawati Husnawati, Erniza Pratiwi, Yellia Syafitri, Cindy Oktaviana Laia, Reni Zulfitri
    54-66
    Abstract: 19 | PDF 54-66 (Bahasa Indonesia): 10

    Abstract

    Hypertension is a condition where systolic blood pressure increases to more than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure to more than 90 mmHg. Compliance with antihypertensive medication is crucial. Hypertension cannot be cured and must be consistently monitored to prevent complications that can lead to death. One of the factors that can affect the level of medication adherence in patients is the patient's sociodemographics including age, gender, educational level and employment status. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of sociodemography on compliance with antihypertensive use in hypertensive patients at Puri Husada Tembilahan Hospital. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional research design with analytic descriptive method. The sample in this study were patients with a primary diagnosis of hypertension with or without comorbidities who went to the Puri Husada Tembilahan Hospital at the time of the study and met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of the study it was found that of the 4 sociodemographic aspects studied, namely age, gender, education level and employment status, only education level affected the level of adherence to taking medication in hypertensive patients (P value = 0.000), where respondents with higher education levels had higher levels of higher adherence than respondents with low levels of education.

  • Patient Satisfaction in Telepharmacy vs Conventional Pharmacy: A SERVQUAL Analysis

    Dion Notario, Lusy Noviani, Wanda Aurina
    67-74
    Abstract: 33 | PDF 67-74: 18

    Abstract

    Telepharmacy offers a promising solution to overcome the geographical limitations of traditional pharmacies. However, concerns regarding the quality of services delivered through telepharmacy highlight the need for a comprehensive evaluation of patient satisfaction. This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction between telepharmacy and conventional pharmacy services and to identify areas for improvement. A cross-sectional study was conducted in March and April 2024, involving a sample of 136 customers from the Atma Jaya Teaching Pharmacy in North Jakarta. Patient satisfaction was measured using a validated questionnaire, and key satisfaction dimensions were identified through Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). The analysis revealed that both telepharmacy and conventional pharmacy services demonstrated strengths in the dimensions of Assurance and Responsiveness, which are critical to customer satisfaction (quadrant II : keep up the good work). Meanwhile, Reliability and Empathy were perceived as less important in both service models (quadrant III : low priority). The Tangible dimension, however, was identified as an area requiring improvement (quadrant I : concentrate here). These findings suggest that telepharmacy can provide patient satisfaction comparable to conventional pharmacies, particularly in the dimensions of Assurance and Responsiveness. However, the Tangible dimension remains a key area for improvement.

  • 1

    Pharmacognostic Characterization and Phytochemical Screening of Tabebuia rosea Leaves as Raw Material for Herbal Medicine

    Deka Prismawan, Michael Michael, Felicia Natalia
    75-81
    Abstract: 29 | PDF 75-81 (Bahasa Indonesia): 8

    Abstract

    Tabebuia rosea is a tropical plant with potential as a raw material for traditional medicine. Parts of this plant like leaves, bark, and flower, indicates potential biological activity like antiinflammation, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative. but its pharmacognostic and phytochemical characterization remains limited, especially in the leaves. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacognostic characteristics and phytochemical content of T. rosea leaves as a basis for standardization. Fresh T. rosea leaves were collected, dried, and ground into a fine powder. Evaluations included organoleptic and macroscopic analysis, microscopic examination, moisture content, total ash content, and phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, coumarins, triterpenoids, and phenolics. The leaves exhibited a lanceolate shape with smooth margins, pointed tips, and pinnate venation. Microscopic analysis revealed diagnostic features such as trichomes, calcium oxalate crystals, and parenchyma. The moisture content was 7.8%, and total ash content was 11.91%. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and alkaloids, while saponins and coumarins were not detected. This study provides fundamental data for the identification and standardization of T. rosea leaf simplisia. The presence of bioactive compounds, particularly flavonoids and alkaloids, supports its potential as a phytopharmaceutical raw material. Further research is needed to isolate and evaluate the pharmacological activities of these compounds.

  • The Effect of Drug Information Services (PIO) on Reducing Pain Intensity in Self-Medicated Patients in Banyumas

    Thariq Ahmad Thorir, Alfarid Kurnialandi, Wahyu Utaminingrum, Didik Setiawan
    82-90
    Abstract: 20 | PDF 82-90 (Bahasa Indonesia): 5

    Abstract

    Pain is health problem that affect human quality of life and often treated through self-medication, which possess risk in medication error. Drug information services take a role to avoid the medication errors, yet the implementation is far from optimal. Therefore, a study was conducted to overview the effectiveness of drug information services to reduce the pain intensity in Banyumas. The study used quasi experimental research with pretest-posttest design. The population was self-medication patients with pain symptom in 10 pharmacies in Banyumas. The sample consist of 200 respondents, including the intervention and control groups. The data was analyzed through univariate and bivariate (Mann-Whitney test). After self-medication was given, the average pain score in intervention group (given PIO) was 4.6 and the control group (did not given PIO) was 3.59 with p-value of 0.00 (α ≤ 0.05) indicating significant difference between two groups. This finding highlights the importance of drug information services by pharmacist to reduce the pain intensity and increase the treatment effectiveness among the self-medicated patients.

  • Mothers' Knowledge and Self-Medication for Toddler Coughs: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Pharmacy in Tangerang Area (2024)

    Erlia Anggrainy Sianipar, Lidya Himawan, Sherly Tandi Arrang
    91-97
    Abstract: 34 | PDF 91-97: 14

    Abstract

    Cough is a common symptom among toddlers, triggered by factors such as air pollution, weather changes, and allergies. In Tangerang, the prevalence of coughs in toddlers is notably high, leading many mothers to self-medicate their children. This study aims to assess the relationship between the mothers' knowledge and their self-medication behavior for treating toddler coughs at a pharmacy in Tangerang. This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional study involving 80 respondents. The data were collected through questionnaires, and univariate analysis was conducted to determine the frequency distribution of respondents by age, education, occupation, and sources of information regarding self-medication. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square method was employed to examine the relationships between these variables. The study found that most respondents were aged 18-44 years, with 38% having completed high school, 81.25% working as housewives, and 42.5% receiving information about self-medication from healthcare professionals. Despite 62.5% of the respondents having low knowledge about cough self-medication, 60% of them exhibited positive self-medication practices for treating coughs in toddlers. The analysis revealed no significant relationship between the mothers' knowledge levels and their self-medication behavior. In conclusion, the majority of mothers at Apotek Bintang Tangerang possess limited knowledge about self-medicating toddler coughs, yet they demonstrate positive self-medication behavior. Additionally, there is no significant correlation between their knowledge level and their behavior.

  • 30

    Effectiveness of Educational Intervention and Herbal Medicine Use in Preventing Stunting: A Study Among Family Welfare Cadres in Ababi Village, Bali

    Viviana Bali Sua, I Gusti Ayu Rai Widowati, I.G.N Windra Wartana Putra, I Putu Riska Ardinata, Ida Ayu Manik Partha Sutema
    98-104
    Abstract: 1 | PDF 98-104: 0

    Abstract

    Stunting remains a public health priority in Indonesia, including in Ababi Village, Karangasem, which has one of the highest stunting prevalence rates in Bali. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving knowledge among family welfare empowerment cadres regarding stunting and the use of herbal medicine for its prevention. A pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted in Ababi Village. The sample consisted of 40 purposively selected cadres who met the inclusion criteria of being active in community health promotion. The research instrument was a validated questionnaire developed based on the World Health Organization’s framework and previous literature, which included items on stunting and the use of herbal medicine for its prevention. The intervention included educational sessions and leaflet distribution. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and chi-square test. Results showed that most respondents were aged 23–35 years (37.5%), were housewives (80%), had a primary education level (35%), and belonged to families with four to five members (50%). At baseline, 82.5% of participants had good knowledge of stunting, while only 60% demonstrated good knowledge of herbal medicine use. After the intervention, all respondents (100%) showed good knowledge in both areas, with a statistically significant improvement (p<0.001). Bivariate analysis indicated that occupation was significantly associated with knowledge of stunting (p=0.004), and education level was associated with knowledge of herbal medicine use (p=0.043). In conclusion, the educational intervention effectively improved the cadres’ knowledge about stunting and the use of herbal medicine for its prevention. This study supports the role of pharmacists and health educators in community-based stunting prevention efforts.

  • Molecular Docking of Bioactive Compounds from Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) Against the ER-α Receptor as Breast Cancer Inhibitors

    Suci Asaumi, Fajriah Azra, Arif Juliari Kusnanda
    105-112
    Abstract: 0 | PDF 105-112 (Bahasa Indonesia): 0

    Abstract

    Breast cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division in breast tissue, leading to lump formation. The enzyme ER-α (Estrogen Receptor Alpha) plays a significant role in breast cancer development. This study aims to investigate the potential of bioactive compounds from the tempuyung plant (Sonchus arvensis) to inhibit the ER-α enzyme (PDB ID: 3ERT) through in silico methods for breast cancer drug development. The bioactive compounds in tempuyung are potential ER-α inhibitors. Methods used include Lipinski’s rule prediction, pharmacokinetics and toxicity analysis, and molecular docking simulations using MOE software. Among 25 screened bioactive compounds, luteolin showed binding to the active site of ER-α with a binding affinity of -6.34 kcal/mol and an RMSD of 0.77 Å, interacting with amino acids Glu 353, Gly 521, and Leu 346. These findings suggest luteolin as a promising candidate for breast cancer treatment.

  • Cytotoxic profiles of Lithocarphus bancanus Extract and Fractions Against a Lung Cancer Cell Line A549

    Hilwan Yuda Teruna, Rudi Hendra, Retno Puji Lestari, Muhammad Almurdani, Rizky Abdulah
    113-116
    Abstract: 0 | PDF 113-116 (Bahasa Indonesia): 0

    Abstract

    Lithocarpus bancanus is a medicinal plant used by communities in Riau Province, Indonesia. This plant is a tree locally known in the province as mempening. In this study, the cytotoxic activity profiles of the methanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, dichloromethane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction from L. bancanus leaves were evaluated against human lung cancer cells (A549 cell line) using the MTT assay. IC₅₀ values were calculated from dose–response curves analyzed using the 4-parameter logistic (4PL) model. The results showed IC₅₀ values of 455.1, 361.9, 132.9, and 304.7 µg/mL for the methanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, dichloromethane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction, respectively, with the dichloromethane fraction exhibiting relatively higher cytotoxic activity (IC₅₀ = 132.9 µg/mL). Cisplatin was used as the positive control and showed an IC₅₀ of 103.9 µg/mL. Meanwhile, the methanolic extract as well as the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed low cytotoxic activity, with IC₅₀ values greater than 300 µg/mL. Therefore, the dichloromethane fraction can serve as a basis for further isolation to identify bioactive anticancer compounds.